III. William (full name Vilmos Sándor Pál Frigyes Lajos, Dutch Willem Alexander Paul Frederik Lodewijk; 19 February 1817 – 23 November 1890) was King of the Netherlands and Grand Duke of Luxembourg from 1849 to 1890, and Duke of Limburg from 1849 to the Duchy until its termination in 1866. Vilmos was born on February 19, 1817 in Brussels, in the Palace of the Nation. His father II. King William of the Netherlands, his mother was Anna Pavlovna Romanova. He served in the army in his youth. 1839. on June 18, in Stuttgart, he married his cousin, Zsofia of Württemberg, who was the daughter of King William I of Württemberg and Yekaterina Pavlovna Romanova. Their marriage proved to be unhappy, Zsófia was a liberal, art-supporting intellectual who disliked soldiers and command; Vilmos, on the other hand, was politically conservative and loved his army. Vilmos had affairs with several women, and he did not particularly hide them. Queen Zsófia died in 1877. He married Emma, who was 41 years younger than him, on January 7, 1879. The marriage of Emma and Vilmos turned out to be happy, the king's mood swings eased and he moderated his interventions in politics. In 1880, their daughter Vilma was born, who became the heir to the throne in 1884. Vilmos had three sons from his first marriage, but he died of meningitis in his middle childhood, the third died of typhus at the age of 32; and the eldest son broke up with his family because they didn't allow him to marry his love, a countess (the family thought he was too low-ranking for a royal prince) and frolicked in Paris until he died at the age of 38 due to his deteriorating health. 1890. He died on November 23 in the Het Loo palace in Apeldoorn. The throne was inherited by the minor Vilma, who was replaced by Emma as regent until she was 18. III. During William's reign, the Netherlands underwent a constitutional transformation that limited royal power and increased the role of parliament. The king resisted the liberal reforms of 1848, which his father II. Vilmos and Johan Rudolf Thorbecke introduced them, but eventually accepted them. In the second half of the 19th century, the Dutch economy gradually modernized and the colonial empire expanded. The colonial policy of the Netherlands continued and realized significant economic benefits through the Dutch colonies. Society gradually became more open, and the arts as well as literature flourished. The Netherlands played an active role in international politics, especially in colonial affairs and maintaining the balance of great powers.

III. King William of the Netherlands reigned from 1849 to 1890. During this period, significant changes took place in the Dutch coinage. 1849-1853 At the beginning of William's reign, the old, traditional system was still in force in the Dutch coinage. The coins were made of silver and gold and bore the portrait of the king. In 1853, the Netherlands introduced the gold standard. This meant that the value of all Dutch coins was pegged to gold. In addition to gold coins, copper and nickel coins also appeared in the Dutch mint. In 1875, the Netherlands introduced the schilling, which replaced the Dutch gold crown as the country's official currency. The schillings were made of silver and bore the portrait of the king. Various commemorative coins also appeared in the Dutch coinage, which immortalized important events of the ruler and the country. III. Many special coins were also produced during William's reign. Such was, for example, the gold coin minted in 1853, which celebrated the introduction of the gold standard. Another important coin was the gold coin minted in 1889, which commemorated the 40th anniversary of William's reign. III. William's coinage was an important milestone in Dutch coinage. With the introduction of the gold standard and the schilling, the Dutch monetary system was modernized.