Mohammad Reza Pahlavi was the last Shah of Iran who ruled from 1941 to 1979. He was born on October 26, 1919 in Tehran and died on July 27, 1980 in Cairo. He came to power as the successor of his father, Reza Shah, after his father, Reza Shah, was exiled as a result of the Anglo-Soviet invasion. During the reign of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, significant changes took place in Iran. During World War II, the British-owned oil industry was nationalized by Prime Minister Mohammad Mosaddegh, but he was removed from power in a coup in 1953 by the Iranian military with the support of the United Kingdom and the United States of America. Subsequently, Pahlavi centralized power and brought foreign oil companies back into the country's industry through the Consortium Agreement of 1954. The shah introduced economic, social, and political reforms known as the "White Revolution," which aimed to make Iran a global power and modernize the country by nationalizing key industries and land. These reforms resulted in rapid industrial and military modernization, as well as economic and social reforms. He faced many criticisms during his reign and was eventually removed from power during the 1979 Iranian Revolution, which abolished the country's monarchy and established the Islamic Republic. The revolution took place under the leadership of Ruhollah Khomeini, who became the head of the new government. Princess Fawzia of Egypt became the queen of Iran as the first wife of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi of Iran, (Fawzia was the daughter of Fuad I) their only daughter, Princess Shahnaz. Soraya Esfandiary-Bakhtiary ( Persian: ثريا اسفندياري بختياري, romanized: Sorayâ Esfandiâri-Baxtiâri; 22 June 1932 – 25 October 2001) was the second wife of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, whom he married in 1951. Their marriage came under great strain, especially when it was discovered that she was barren. Farah Pahlavi (Persian: فرح پهلوی, née Diba (دیبا) (October 14, 1938 – ) is the widow of the last Shah of Iran, Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, and Queen of Iran. empress (شهبانو) between 1959 and 1979. Born into a wealthy family whose fortunes declined after his father's early death, he was introduced to Mohammad Reza at the Iranian embassy in December 1959. The Shah's first two marriages did not produce a son would have been necessary for the royal succession – which caused great joy for the birth of Crown Prince Reza in October of the following year.

During the reign of Mohammad Reza Pahlavi, the Shah of Iran (1941-1979), the Iranian coinage was constantly changing. In the 1940s, different coin variations and banknotes with the image of the Shah appeared in the Iranian monetary system. In the 1960s, the "rial" currency unit was introduced and the "rial" was used as the country's official currency. Iranian banknotes and coins also varied during this period, often featuring the Shah's face or symbols referring to Iranian culture and history. During the Iranian Revolution of 1979, the Iranian monetary system was transformed again, and the new Iranian government introduced the Islamic Republic's monetary system. . The new banknotes and coins reflected Islamic themes and symbols.