II. Prince (Saint) Constantine (1688-1714) ruled Havasalföld under Turkish rule, but made secret alliances with the German-Roman Emperor and the Russian Tsar, to whom he provided financial support. The prince was rich and educated, he spent a lot on the arts, the architecture and book printing. II. Constantine operated his own mint, minting gold, silver and copper coins. The coins usually depicted the prince's portrait, coat of arms, name and reign, and bore Latin, Greek, Cyrillic and Arabic inscriptions. Coinage was a symbol of the prince's power and wealth, but it was also a means of paying Turkish taxes, and the income from minting was partially he transferred it to the Turkish Porte, and partly used it for his own purposes. The prince's coinage ended in 1714, when the Turkish Sultan captured and executed him and his four sons because he discovered his secret alliances. The property of the prince was confiscated, the mint was closed, and the money was destroyed or punched.