Wenceslas was born on October 6, 1289 in Prague, the son of II. As the son of Wenceslas and Queen Juta of Habsburg. He was also related to the Árpád house through his mother. After his father's death in 1305, Wenceslas inherited the Czech throne. He was also crowned king of Poland in the same year. After the extinction of the Árpád house, in 1301, Wenceslas was elected king of Hungary. However, his reign was short and stormy. He was unable to assert himself in the ongoing struggles for power and was forced to abdicate the Hungarian throne in 1305 due to the resistance of the Hungarian nobles. During his reign, the country's economic situation worsened and the disorder increased. Wenceslas died on August 4, 1306 in Olomouc (today's Czech Republic). He was only 17 years old. After his death, an interregnum began in Hungary, and the Polish and Czech thrones were inherited by his brother, Róbert Károly. The reign of Hungarian King Wenceslas can be evaluated as a failure. During his short reign, he was unable to leave a significant mark on the country's history. At the same time, he played a prominent role in Czech and Polish history and is revered as a saint. Wenceslas was the last Přemysl ruler on the Czech throne. He was the only Czech king who was also crowned Hungarian king. He founded many churches and monasteries in the Czech Republic and Poland. Wenceslas is revered as a saint by the Catholic Church.

Wenceslas ruled Hungary from 1301 to 1305 and minted some coins during his reign. The denarius was the smallest currency of the medieval Kingdom of Hungary. During the reign of Wenceslas in the 1300s, denarius were typically made of silver and circular in shape. On one side, the portrait or coat of arms of the king was usually visible, while on the other side there were depictions of saints or other symbols. During the reign of Wenceslas, various silver coins were also minted. These included, for example, the small silver coin also known as denar and money. These coins differed from each other based on the silver content and different symbols. The appearance and characteristics of the coins changed over time and were adapted to the economic and political context of the given period.