Abdulaziz bin Abdul Rahman Al Saud, known in the Western world simply as Ibn Saud, was an Arab political and religious leader who was the founder and first king of Saudi Arabia. He reigned from 23 September 1932 until his death on 9 November 1953. The third Saudi state was formed under his leadership. He was previously the emir, sultan and king of Nejd, as well as the king of Hejaz. Ibn Saud was born on January 15, 1875 in Riyadh. His father Abdul Rahman bin Faisal was the Emir of Nejd and his mother Sara bint Ahmed Al Sudairi. The family was exiled from Riyadh in 1890, and in 1902 Ibn Saud successfully recaptured the city and expanded his power. This marked the beginning of the founding of modern Saudi Arabia and the exploitation of the country's oil wealth. Ibn Saud ruled vast territories and became the ruler of the central Arabian Peninsula. Ibn Saud had twenty-two consorts. Many of his marriages were made to cement alliances with other clans during the period when the Saudi state was being established and stabilized. He was the father of nearly a hundred children, including 45 boys. Ibn Saud's eldest son, Turki, who was the crown prince of the kingdoms of Nejd and Hejaz, died at the age of 18, predeceasing his father. If Turki hadn't died, he would have been the crown prince. Instead, Ibn Saud appointed his second son, Prince Saud, as heir to the Saudi throne in 1933.1953. on November 9, at the age of 78, he died of a heart attack in his sleep in the Shubra Palace in Ta'if, with Prince Fejsál by his side. The funeral prayer was held in Al Hawiyah, Ta'if. Ibn Saud's body was taken to Riyadh, where he was buried in Al Oud Cemetery, next to his sister Noura.

In the period between 1921 and 1953, several types of coins were circulated in Saudi Arabia. Riyal (1916-1925): The riyal was the official currency of the Kingdom of Hejaz. 40 paras equaled one qirsh, and 20 piastres/qirsh equaled one riyal. These bronze coins were made during the reign of Husayn. 10 para, 20 para, ¼ qirsh: These copper-nickel coins did not bear the name of the new state until 1937, when they were minted with the design of the older qirsh and its parts. Tawilah Larin: This billon coin was minted in the Emirate of Bani Khalid. It was minted at the Hofuf mint and has no exact date. These coins are of historical and cultural importance and show the economic and political changes in the region.