Az-Zahir Ghazi (Emirate of Aleppo)'s reign

Az-Zahir Ghazi (Emirate of Aleppo) 's life

Az-Zahir Ghazi (1172 – October 8, 1216) was a Kurdish Ayyubid emir of Aleppo between 1186 and 1216. He was the third son of Saladin, and his lands included northern Syria and a small part of Mesopotamia. In 1186, when al-Zahir was 15 years old, his father appointed him governor of Aleppo, Mosul, and the territories recently captured from the Zengids. Az-Zahir's brothers were appointed at the same time: the elder as governor of Syria (al-Afdal) and Egypt (al-Aziz). Az-Zahir's territories were formerly in the hands of his father's brother al-Adil, and al-Adil followed az-Zahir closely. As the third son, when he inherited in 1193, his eldest brother al-Afdal had to maintain his authority in Damascus. However, he continued his affairs independently of his brothers and thus for a time stayed away from their quarrels with his uncle Al-Adil. In 1193, faced with the continued rebellion of the Zengid 'Izz al-Din, az-Zahir called on his uncle Al-Adil to oppose with the rebellion quickly dying down. In 1194, az-Zahir received the cities of Latakia and Jableh as part of an agreement in which he recognized al-Afdal's authority. However, by 1196 al-Afdal had become unfit to rule, having lost the support of his uncle Al-Adil. Az-Zahir joined his brother al-Aziz and his uncle Al-Adil to depose and exile al-Afdal. In October 1197, after Amalric de Lusignan recaptured the port of Beirut and Bohemond III. Antioch threatened the ports of Latakia and Jableh, az-Zahir destroyed the ports. Although Bohemond occupied the two places, they were no longer advantageous to him, and he soon retired. Then az-Zahir recaptured them and rebuilt the fortress of Latakia. When he ruled Aleppo, he retained many of his father's advisers. He appointed Baha ad-Din as qadi ("judge") in Aleppo. Due to the demands of the orthodox ulama ("learned people"), he also brought the unorthodox al-Suhrawardi to Aleppo, but was forced to imprison him in 1191. Particularly important was the marriage of al-Zahir in 1212 with Dayfa Khatun, the daughter of his old rival, al-Adil. This ended the rivalry between the two branches of the family. Before his death in 1216, az-Zahir appointed his younger son al-Aziz Muhammad as his successor. The life and reign of az-Zahir Ghazi played an important role in the history of medieval Syria.

Az-Zahir Ghazi (Emirate of Aleppo) Coinage

Az-Zahír Ghazi, Emir of the Ayyubid Sultanate of Aleppo (1193–1216), minted several coins. One such coin was the .760 silver dirham. The obverse of this coin shows a six-pointed star, on which the Arabic script reads: "al-Malik al-Zahir Ghazi Ibn Yusuf Bin Ayyub". There is also a six-pointed star on the back with the inscription "al-Imam al-Nasir Ahmad al-Malik al-'Adil Abu Bakr". The coin weighed 2.97 grams and was circular (although slightly irregular). The coin is denominated, meaning it is no longer used. Az-Zahír Ghazi minted other coins, but the above-mentioned dirham is one of the best known.


Az-Zahir Ghazi (Emirate of Aleppo) money

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