Emperor Hsuan-Tung was the last emperor of China, who ruled from 1908 to 1912. During his reign, China experienced significant changes, including a revolution that resulted in the fall of the Qing Dynasty. Hsuan-Tung's coinage reflected these changes. In the first years, traditional Chinese coins were minted, but starting in 1911, more and more new, modern coins began to be put into circulation. Among the traditional Chinese coins were taels made of silver, fen made of copper and li made of brass. These coins were usually decorated with the portrait of the Chinese emperor. Modern coins included dollars made of silver, cents made of copper, and nickels made of brass. These coins were usually decorated with the monogram of the Chinese emperor. Hsüan-Tung's coinage was an important step in the modernization of China. Modern coins contributed to the development of the Chinese economy and its participation in international trade.