Mohammed Zahir Shah was born on October 15, 1914, in Kabul, Afghanistan. His father, Nadir Shah, became the king of Afghanistan in 1929, and Zahir Shah held the positions of deputy minister of war and minister of education. In 1933, after the assassination of his father, he ascended the throne at the age of 19. His rule lasted for 40 years, until 1973, which was the longest rule in the history of Afghanistan since the establishment of the Durrani Empire in the 18th century. Peace and stability characterized his rule, the modernization and development of Afghanistan took place during this period. He introduced the modern education system, supported women rights and implemented infrastructure improvements. The country's economy flourished and Afghanistan gained recognition on the international stage. In 1973, while Zahir Shah was in Italy, his cousin Mohammed Daoud Khan carried out a bloodless coup and proclaimed the republic. Zahir Shah He spent 30 years in exile in Italy and France. After the fall of the Taliban regime, he returned to Afghanistan in 2002. He actively participated in the reconstruction of the country and was awarded the title "father of the nation". 2007. He died on July 23 in Kabul at the age of 92. He is considered a peaceful ruler and the father of modern Afghanistan. His reign was a golden age of stability and development in the history of Afghanistan. His memory is still highly respected in Afghanistan.

Mohammed Zahir Shah was the king of Afghanistan from 1933 to 1973, providing his country with an era of stable governance. Zahir Shah undertook many economic development projects, including irrigation and highway construction, largely with the support of foreign aid from the United States and the Soviet Union.