Róbert Károly was born in 1288 in the family of the Anjou kings. Róbert Károly was crowned three times. First in 1301 by the Archbishop of Esztergom, in 1308 with a new crown in Buda, and finally in 1310 for the third time. This was all because only the one who was made ruler by the Archbishop of Esztergom in Székesfehérvár with the Holy Crown was recognized as the actual king.

During the reign of Róbert Károly, Hungary also achieved significant territorial expansion. In 1312, it occupied the NE part of the country and replaced the royal seat, Buda, with Timisoara. He confiscated the lands of the provincial lords, some of which he kept and the rest he distributed among his followers.

He introduced the gate tax and ordered the thirty-odd duty on imported and exported goods. He offered the tithe earned from mining to the landowners. In 1335, at the royal meeting in Visegrád, a new trade route was created instead of the Vienna route.

He died in 1342. His son Lajos succeeded him on the throne.

During the coinage, the Hungarian rulers generally preferred silver over gold. However, Róbert Károly I returned to the minting of gold coins and thereby sought to unify the Hungarian monetary system. The gold forint not only became the gold coin minted by the Hungarian rulers, but also played a significant role in the surrounding countries. On the obverse of the coin, we can read the abbreviation of Róbert Károly's name, decorated with the symbol of the House of Anjou, the Anjou lily, while the other side of the coin depicts the patron saint of Florence.

In addition to the gold forint, he also put many other silver coins into circulation, e.g. garas, denarii and parvus.